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Daniel Moreno

Daniel Moreno runs SofterTap. He collects hardness figures from water utilities' annual water quality reports and builds the site's calculators, and every page shows its sources and the math behind its numbers. He is not a licensed plumber or water treatment professional, so for installation work or questions about drinking water safety, check with your utility or a certified pro.

Water Softener Maintenance: Salt, Settings and a Simple Schedule

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Close-up of several white-painted pipes bending in parallel

Check salt monthly, break up bridges, keep settings right and test the water. A full schedule, plus iron, sanitising, absences and warning signs.

Categories Softener Maintenance

Water Hardness by City: Official Utility Figures for the US

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Aerial view of suburban houses and trees along a curving street

Official figures from each city’s water utility, with the softener setting for each, why cities differ and how to find the figure for any city.

Categories Hardness by City

Hard Water vs Soft Water: Differences You Can See and Measure

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Hands covered in soap lather holding a clear bar of soap against a yellow background

The difference is calcium and magnesium: up to 60 mg/L is soft, over 120 hard. What each does to soap, scale and pipes, and how to tell which you have.

Categories Water Hardness

Water Softener Salt: Pellets vs Crystals vs Block Salt

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Close-up of fine white salt grains forming a soft drift

Pellets are the safe default but can mush; solar salt bridges more; blocks only for softeners built for them. A comparison and when to switch.

Categories Softener Maintenance

How to Remove Hard Water Stains from Shower Glass

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Bright bathroom with a frameless glass shower enclosure, grey tiles and a freestanding bathtub

Spray a 50/50 vinegar and water mix, wait an hour, wipe with microfibre and dry. What to do with stubborn or etched glass, and how to stop stains coming back.

Categories Limescale

Do I Need a Water Softener? A Checklist Based on Your Hardness

October 23, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Hand holding a brass shower handset next to a brass bath spout

Probably yes above 7 gpg if scale costs you time or money; no below 3.5 gpg. A checklist, the reasons to hold back and running costs by hardness.

Categories Water Softeners

How Often Should a Water Softener Regenerate? Tables by Size and Hardness

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Two old metal taps on a wooden post against a stone wall, with water running

About every 5 to 10 days. Tables for 24,000 to 64,000-grain softeners, the reserve explained, and what to check if yours cycles too often or too rarely.

Categories Softener Maintenance

Water Softener Not Using Salt? 7 Causes and How to Fix Each

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Hands in orange rubber gloves cleaning a shower head with a sponge

Usually a salt bridge. Seven causes in the order to check them, from a crust in the tank to a plugged injector or an open bypass valve.

Categories Softener Maintenance

Grains per Gallon to PPM: Conversion Table and Calculator

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
Black and white photo of water spraying from a stainless steel shower head

Multiply gpg by 17.118 for ppm, or divide ppm by 17.118 for gpg. Where the factor comes from, tables both ways and the mix-ups to avoid.

Categories Water Hardness

How to Descale a Kettle: Citric Acid and Vinegar Methods

October 22, 2026 by Daniel Moreno
White electric kettle on a bedside table against a pale blue wall

Citric acid in a just-boiled kettle for 15–20 minutes, or a boiled 50/50 vinegar mix. Steps, how much acid scale needs and how often to descale.

Categories Limescale
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Topics

  • Water hardness
  • Hardness by city
  • Water softeners
  • Softener maintenance
  • Limescale
SofterTap

Water hardness figures from each utility's own report, and free calculators that show their math. Every number links to its source.

Topics

  • Water hardness
  • Hardness by city
  • Water softeners
  • Softener maintenance
  • Limescale

Tools

  • Softener size calculator
  • Hardness converter
  • Salt calculator
  • Water hardness lookup
  • Methodology
  • Calculators
  • Methodology
© 2026 SofterTap. Figures link to their official sources.